Question 1

What return assumption should I use for retirement projections?

Accepted Answer

A 5 to 7 percent average nominal return is common for a diversified portfolio, with inflation of 2 to 3 percent, giving a real return of about 3 to 4 percent. Adjust based on your allocation and time horizon.

Question 2

When do RMDs start under current law?

Accepted Answer

Under the SECURE 2.0 Act, required minimum distributions from traditional IRAs and most workplace plans begin at age 73 for anyone who reaches 73 between 2023 and 2032, and at age 75 starting in 2033.

Question 3

Is it better to claim Social Security early or delayed?

Accepted Answer

It depends on longevity, other income, and marital situation. Every year past full retirement age adds about 8 percent to your benefit until age 70. The Social Security calculator lets you compare claiming ages directly.

Question 4

Should I convert traditional IRA money to Roth?

Accepted Answer

Roth conversions can lower lifetime taxes if your current bracket is meaningfully lower than your expected bracket in retirement, but they also raise your current tax bill. The Roth conversion calculator compares both paths after tax.

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